在做页面中,多数情况下都会遇到页面上做动画效果,我们大部分做动画的时候都是使用框架来做(比如jquery),这里我介绍下如何让通过原生的js来实现像框架一样的动画效果!
1、匀速动画效果
说明:匀速动画就是动画的效果从开始到结束每次执行的速度都是一致的

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>匀速动画</title>
<style type="text/css">
 html,body{margin:0;padding:0;}
 div{margin:0;padding:0;}
 .odiv{width:200px; height:200px; background:#f00; position:relative; left:-200px; top:100px;}
 .sdiv{width:20px; height:60px; background:#00f; position:absolute; top:70px; right:-20px;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="odiv" class="odiv">
 <div id="sdiv" class="sdiv">
 </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<script language="javascript">
window.onload = function(){
 var odiv = document.getElementById('odiv');
 odiv.onmouseover = function(){
  startMover(0);
 }
 odiv.onmouseout = function(){
  startMover(-200);
 }
}
var timer = null;
function startMover(itarget){//目标值
 clearInterval(timer);//执行当前动画同时清除之前的动画
 var odiv = document.getElementById('odiv');
 timer = setInterval(function(){
 var speed = 0;
 if(odiv.offsetLeft > itarget){
  speed = -1;
 }
 else{
  speed = 1;
 }
 if(odiv.offsetLeft == itarget){
  clearInterval(timer);
 }
 else{
  odiv.style.left = odiv.offsetLeft+speed+'px';
  }
 },30);
}
//注明:offsetWidth = width+padding+border
//offsetHeight = height+padding+border
//offsetWidth=(border-width)*2+(padding-left)+(width)+(padding-right)
//offsetHeight=(border-width)*2+(padding-top)+(height)+(padding-bottom)
/*
offsetLeft=(offsetParent的padding-left)+(中间元素的offsetWidth)+(当前元素的margin-left)。
offsetTop=(offsetParent的padding-top)+(中间元素的offsetHeight)+(当前元素的margin-top)。
当offsetParent为body时情况比较特殊:
在IE8/9/10及Chrome中,offsetLeft = (body的margin-left)+(body的border-width)+(body的padding-left)+(当前元素的margin-left)。
在FireFox中,offsetLeft = (body的margin-left)+(body的padding-left)+(当前元素的margin-left)。
offsetParent属性返回一个对象的引用,这个对象是距离调用offsetParent的元素最近的(在包含层次中最靠近的),并且是已进行过CSS定位的容器元素。 如果这个容器元素未进行CSS定位, 则offsetParent属性的取值为根元素的引用。
总的来说两条规则:
1、如果当前元素的父级元素没有进行CSS定位(position为absolute或relative),offsetParent为body。
2、如果当前元素的父级元素中有CSS定位(position为absolute或relative),offsetParent取最近的那个父级元素。
*/
</script>

2、缓冲动画
说明:缓冲动画就是动画到结束或这开始的时候,速度是随着动画执行的进度动态变化的

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>缓冲动画</title>
<style type="text/css">
 html,body{margin:0;padding:0;}
 div{margin:0;padding:0;}
 .odiv{width:200px; height:200px; background:#f00; position:relative; left:-200px; top:100px;}
 .sdiv{width:20px; height:60px; background:#00f; position:absolute; top:70px; right:-20px;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="odiv" class="odiv">
 <div id="sdiv" class="sdiv">
 </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<script language="javascript">
window.onload = function(){
 var odiv = document.getElementById('odiv');
 odiv.onmouseover = function(){
  startMover(0);
 }
 odiv.onmouseout = function(){
  startMover(-200);
 }
}
var timer = null;
function startMover(itarget){//速度和目标值
 clearInterval(timer);//执行当前动画同时清除之前的动画
 var odiv = document.getElementById('odiv');
 timer = setInterval(function(){
 var speed = (itarget-odiv.offsetLeft)/10;//缓冲动画的速度参数变化值
 //如果速度是大于0,说明是向右走,那么就向上取整
 speed = speed>0"htmlcode">
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>透明度动画</title>
<style type="text/css">
 html,body{margin:0;padding:0;}
 div{margin:0;padding:0;}
 .odiv{width:200px; height:200px; background:#f00; position:relative; left:0px; top:100px;opacity:0.3; filter:alpha(opacity:30); float:left; margin:10px;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="odiv" class="odiv"></div>
</body>
</html>
<script language="javascript">
window.onload = function(){
 var odiv = document.getElementsByTagName('div');
 for(var i=0;i<odiv.length;i++)
 {
   odiv[i].onmouseover = function(){
   startOP(this,100);
  }
  odiv[i].onmouseout = function(){
   startOP(this,30);
  }
  odiv[i].timer = null;//事先定义
  odiv[i].alpha = null;//事先定义
  //这里发现一个问题,对象的动画属性可以不定义,但是透明度属性必须定义,否则报错
 }
}
function startOP(obj,utarget){
  clearInterval(obj.timer);//先关闭定时器
  obj.timer = setInterval(function(){
  var speed = 0;
  if(obj.alpha>utarget){
  speed = -10;
  }
  else{
  speed = 10;
  }
  obj.alpha = obj.alpha+speed;
  if(obj.alpha == utarget){
  clearInterval(obj.timer);
  }
  obj.style.filter = 'alpha(opacity:'+obj.alpha+')';//基于IE的
  obj.style.opacity = parseInt(obj.alpha)/100;
  },30); 
}
</script>

4、多物体动画
说明:多个物体在一起执行的动画效果

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>多物体动画</title>
<style type="text/css">
body,div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,fieldset,input,textarea,p,blockquote,th,tr,td {margin:0;padding:0; font-size:12px;} 
table {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;} 
fieldset,img {border:0} 
address,caption,cite,code,dfn,em,strong,th,var {font-style:normal;font-weight:normal} 
ol,ul {list-style:none} 
caption,th,td{text-align:center} 
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {font-size:100%;font-weight:normal} 
q:before,q:after {content:''} 
abbr,acronym { border:0}
.odiv{position:relative;}
.odiv ul li{width:200px; height:100px; background:yellow; margin-bottom:20px;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="odiv" class="odiv">
 <ul>
  <li></li>
  <li></li>
  <li></li>
 </ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<script language="javascript">
window.onload = function(){
 var olist = document.getElementsByTagName('li');
 for(var i=0; i<olist.length;i++)
 {
  olist[i].onmouseover = function(){
  startmov(this,400);
  };
  olist[i].onmouseleave = function(){
  startmov(this,200);
  };
  olist[i].timer = null;
 }
 function startmov(obj,itarget){
  clearInterval(obj.timer);//执行动画之前清除动画
  obj.timer = setInterval(function(){
   var speed =0;
   speed = (itarget - obj.offsetWidth)/8;
   speed = speed>0"htmlcode">
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>样式动画</title>
<style type="text/css">
body,div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,fieldset,input,textarea,p,blockquote,th,tr,td {margin:0;padding:0; font-size:12px;} 
table {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;} 
fieldset,img {border:0} 
address,caption,cite,code,dfn,em,strong,th,var {font-style:normal;font-weight:normal} 
ol,ul {list-style:none} 
caption,th,td{text-align:center} 
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {font-size:100%;font-weight:normal} 
q:before,q:after {content:''} 
abbr,acronym { border:0}
.odiv{position:relative;width:200px; height:200px; border:2px solid #000; background:red; font-size:20px;}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<div id="odiv" class="odiv">
 hjshfjdfsdfhsdj
</div>
</body>
</html>
<script language="javascript">
/*
currentStyle:获取计算后的样式,也叫当前样式、最终样式。
优点:可以获取元素的最终样式,包括浏览器的默认值,而不像style只能获取行间样式,所以更常用到。
注意:不能获取复合样式如background属性值,只能获取单一样式如background-color等。
alert (oAbc.currentStyle);
非常遗憾的是,这个好使的东西也不能被各大浏览器完美地支持。准确地说,在我测试的浏览器中,IE8和Opera 11弹出了“object CSSStyleDeclaration”;FF 12、chrome 14、safari 5则弹出“undefined”。
虽然currentStyle无法适用于所有浏览器,但是可以根据以上测试的结果来区分开支持、不支持的浏览器,然后再找到兼容的写法。
var oAbc = document.getElementById("abc");
if(oAbc.currentStyle) {
  //IE、Opera
  alert("我支持currentStyle");
} else {
  //FF、chrome、safari
  alert("我不支持currentStyle");
}
其实在FF浏览器中我们可以使用getComputedStyle(obj,false)来达到与IE下currentStyle相同的效果。
getComputedStyle(obj,false):在FF新版本中只需要第一个参数,即操作对象,第二个参数写“false”也是大家通用的写法,目的是为了兼容老版本的火狐浏览器。
兼容写法:
var oAbc = document.getElementById("abc");
if(oAbc.currentStyle) {
  //IE、Opera
  //alert("我支持currentStyle");
  alert(oAbc.currentStyle.width);
} else {
  //FF、chrome、safari
  //alert("我不支持currentStyle");
  alert(getComputedStyle(oAbc,false).width);
}
一个空白页面中body的id=”abc”,测试以上代码,IE和Opera弹出“auto”,其它三款浏览器则弹出“***px”。虽然结果不同,但是可以发现chrome和safari也都和火狐一样,顺利地读取到了属性值。不支持currentStyle的三款浏览器(FF、chrome、safari),都是支持getComputedStyle的。
结果表明:对浏览器是否支持currentStyle的判断 + getComputedStyle,就可以做到兼容各主流浏览器的效果。而且兼容写法并不复杂,你掌握了吗?^_^
支持currentStyle:IE、Opera
支持getComputedStyle:FireFox、Chrome、Safari
注意最后的弹出内容,currentStyle返回浏览器的默认值”auto”,而getComputedStyle则返回具体的值”**px”。这应该是两者的一个小差异,有兴趣的童鞋可以一起交流研究下。
*/
window.onload = function(){
 var odiv = document.getElementById('odiv');
 odiv.onmouseover = function(){
  startMov(this);
 };
 function startMov(obj){
  setInterval(function(){
  obj.style.width = parseInt(getStyle(obj,'width'))+1+'px';
  obj.style.fontSize = parseInt(getStyle(obj,'fontSize'))+1+'px';
  },30);
 }
 function getStyle(obj,attr)
 {
  if(obj.currentStyle){
  return obj.currentStyle[attr];
  }
  else{
  return getComputedStyle(obj,false)[attr];
  }
 }
}
//offsetWidth获取的是元素实际的宽度(包括边框和内边距)
//只要是多物体运动,所有的属性都不能共用
</script>

6、多物体复杂动画
说明:多物体复杂动画可以控制元素的不同属性变化来实现动画效果

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>多物体复杂动画</title>
<style type="text/css">
body,div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,fieldset,input,textarea,p,blockquote,th,tr,td {margin:0;padding:0; font-size:12px;} 
table {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;} 
fieldset,img {border:0} 
address,caption,cite,code,dfn,em,strong,th,var {font-style:normal;font-weight:normal} 
ol,ul {list-style:none} 
caption,th,td{text-align:center} 
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {font-size:100%;font-weight:normal} 
q:before,q:after {content:''} 
abbr,acronym { border:0}
.odiv{position:relative;}
.odiv ul li{width:200px; height:100px; background:yellow; margin-bottom:20px; border:2px solid #000;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="odiv" class="odiv">
 <ul>
  <li id="li1"></li>
  <li id="li2"></li>
 </ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<script language="javascript">
window.onload = function(){
 var li1 = document.getElementById('li1');
 var li2 = document.getElementById('li2');
 li1.onmouseover = function(){
  startMov(this,400,'width');
 };
 li1.onmouseout = function(){
  startMov(this,200,'width');
 };
 li2.onmouseover = function(){
  startMov(this,200,'height');
 };
 li2.onmouseout = function(){
  startMov(this,100,'height');
 };
 function startMov(obj,itarget,attr){
  clearInterval(obj.timer);//执行动画之前清除动画
  obj.timer = setInterval(function(){
   var icur = parseInt(getStyle(obj,attr));
   var speed =0;
   speed = (itarget - icur)/8;
   speed = speed>0"htmlcode">
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>多物体复杂动画(带透明度的)</title>
<style type="text/css">
body,div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,fieldset,input,textarea,p,blockquote,th,tr,td {margin:0;padding:0; font-size:12px;} 
table {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;} 
fieldset,img {border:0} 
address,caption,cite,code,dfn,em,strong,th,var {font-style:normal;font-weight:normal} 
ol,ul {list-style:none} 
caption,th,td{text-align:center} 
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {font-size:100%;font-weight:normal} 
q:before,q:after {content:''} 
abbr,acronym { border:0}
.odiv{position:relative;}
.odiv ul li{width:200px; height:100px; background:yellow; margin-bottom:20px; border:2px solid #000;}
#li1{opacity:0.3;filter:alpha(opacity:30);}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<div id="odiv" class="odiv">
 <ul>
  <li id="li1"></li>
  <li id="li2"></li>
 </ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<script language="javascript">
window.onload = function(){
 var li1 = document.getElementById('li1');
 var li2 = document.getElementById('li2');
 li1.onmouseover = function(){
  startMov(this,100,'opacity');
 };
 li1.onmouseout = function(){
  startMov(this,30,'opacity');
 };
 li2.onmouseover = function(){
  startMov(this,200,'height');
 };
 li2.onmouseout = function(){
  startMov(this,100,'height');
 }
 li1.timer = null;
 li2.timer = null;
 function startMov(obj,itarget,attr){
  clearInterval(obj.timer);//执行动画之前清除动画
  obj.timer = setInterval(function(){
   var icur = 0;
   if(attr == 'opacity'){
   icur = Math.round(parseFloat(getStyle(obj,attr))*100);//转换成整数,并且四舍五入下
   //计算机在计算小数的时候往往是不准确的!
   }
   else{
   icur = parseInt(getStyle(obj,attr));
   }
   var speed =0;
   speed = (itarget - icur)/8;
   speed = speed>0"htmlcode">
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>链式动画</title>
<style type="text/css">
body,div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,fieldset,input,textarea,p,blockquote,th,tr,td {margin:0;padding:0; font-size:12px;} 
table {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;} 
fieldset,img {border:0} 
address,caption,cite,code,dfn,em,strong,th,var {font-style:normal;font-weight:normal} 
ol,ul {list-style:none} 
caption,th,td{text-align:center} 
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {font-size:100%;font-weight:normal} 
q:before,q:after {content:''} 
abbr,acronym { border:0}
.odiv{position:relative;}
.odiv ul li{width:200px; height:100px; background:yellow; margin-bottom:20px; border:2px solid #000;}
#li1{opacity:0.3;filter:alpha(opacity:30);}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="odiv" class="odiv">
 <ul>
  <li id="li1"></li>
 </ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<script language="javascript">
window.onload = function(){
 var li1 = document.getElementById('li1');
 li1.onmouseover = function(){
  startMov(li1,400,'width',function(){
   startMov(li1,200,'height',function(){
   startMov(li1,100,'opacity');
   });
  });
 };
 li1.onmouseout = function(){
  startMov(li1,30,'opacity',function(){
   startMov(li1,100,'height',function(){
   startMov(li1,100,'width');
   });
  });
 };
 li1.timer = null;
 function startMov(obj,itarget,attr,fn){//fn回调函数
  clearInterval(obj.timer);//执行动画之前清除动画
  obj.timer = setInterval(function(){
   var icur = 0;
   if(attr == 'opacity'){
   icur = Math.round(parseFloat(getStyle(obj,attr))*100);//转换成整数,并且四舍五入下
   //计算机在计算小数的时候往往是不准确的!
   }
   else{
   icur = parseInt(getStyle(obj,attr));
   }
   var speed =0;
   speed = (itarget - icur)/8;
   speed = speed>0"htmlcode">
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>多物体同时运动动画</title>
<style type="text/css">
body,div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,fieldset,input,textarea,p,blockquote,th,tr,td {margin:0;padding:0; font-size:12px;} 
table {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;} 
fieldset,img {border:0} 
address,caption,cite,code,dfn,em,strong,th,var {font-style:normal;font-weight:normal} 
ol,ul {list-style:none} 
caption,th,td{text-align:center} 
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {font-size:100%;font-weight:normal} 
q:before,q:after {content:''} 
abbr,acronym { border:0}
.odiv{position:relative;}
.odiv ul li{width:200px; height:100px; background:yellow; margin-bottom:20px; border:2px solid #000;}
#li1{opacity:0.3;filter:alpha(opacity:30);}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="odiv" class="odiv">
 <ul>
  <li id="li1"></li>
 </ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<script language="javascript">
window.onload = function(){
 var li1 = document.getElementById('li1');
 li1.onmouseover = function(){
  startMov(li1,{width:201,height:200,opacity:100});
 };
 li1.onmouseout = function(){
  startMov(li1,{width:200,height:100,opacity:30});
 };
 li1.timer = null;
 function startMov(obj,json,fn){//fn回调函数
  clearInterval(obj.timer);//执行动画之前清除动画
  var flag = true;//是否动画都完成了
  obj.timer = setInterval(function(){
   for(var attr in json){
   var icur = 0;
   if(attr == 'opacity'){
   icur = Math.round(parseFloat(getStyle(obj,attr))*100);//转换成整数,并且四舍五入下
   //计算机在计算小数的时候往往是不准确的!
   }
   else{
   icur = parseInt(getStyle(obj,attr));
   }
   var speed =0;
   speed = (json[attr] - icur)/8;
   speed = speed>0?Math.ceil(speed):Math.floor(speed);
   if(icur != json[attr]){
   flag = false;
   }
   if(attr == 'opacity'){
   obj.style.filter = 'alpha(opacity:'+(icur+speed)+')';
   obj.style.opacity = (icur+speed)/100;
   }
   else{
   obj.style[attr] = icur+speed+'px';
   }
   if(flag){
   clearInterval(obj.timer);
   if(fn){
    fn();
   }
   }
  }
  },30);
 }
 function getStyle(obj,attr)
 {
  if(obj.currentStyle){
  return obj.currentStyle[attr];
  }
  else{
  return getComputedStyle(obj,false)[attr];
  }
 }
}
//offsetWidth获取的是元素实际的宽度(包括边框和内边距)
//只要是多物体运动,所有的属性都不能共用
</script>

最后一个动画效果完善了上述所有动画的代码,自己可以根据上述的代码进行扩展!

其实这九种原生js动画效果,都有独特之处,每个源码都可以直接复制运行,希望对大家掌握js动画有所帮助。

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js原生动画,原生js效果,js原生隐藏显示动画

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