.Net Core使用MongoDB的详细教程

网络编程 2024/11/15 佚名

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前言

MongoDB 是由C++语言编写的，是一个基于分布式且面向文档存储的开源数据库系统。

下载地址：

https://www.mongodb.com/download-center/community

在.Net Core中使用需要引入核心包 MongoDB.Driver

添加数据：

//与Mongodb建立连接
MongoClient client = new MongoClient("mongodb://127.0.0.1");
//获得数据库,没有则自动创建
IMongoDatabase db = client.GetDatabase("db1");
//拿到集合(表)
IMongoCollection<Student> student = db.GetCollection<Student>("Student");
var data = new Student();
data.id = 1;
data.name = "江北";
data.age = 22;
data.remarks = "暂无";
//添加一条数据
student.InsertOne(data);

在图形化界面中查看一下

Mongodb默认用id做主键,因此不会显式的指定id是主键。Mongdb中没有内置"自增字段",可以把id声明为ObjectId类型,这样插入以后就自动给字段赋值。

例如，建一个类：

public class School
{
 public ObjectId id { get; set; }
 public string name { get; set; }
 public string address { get; set; }
}//需引入命名空间 using MongoDB.Bson;

当然School对象之后多加或者去掉一个字段都行。Mongodb是用Json保存的,因此也可以直接用Json格式插入,可用BsonDocument对象作为泛型对象。

//与Mongodb建立连接
MongoClient client = new MongoClient("mongodb://127.0.0.1");
//获得数据库,没有则自动创建
IMongoDatabase db = client.GetDatabase("db1");
//拿到集合(表)
IMongoCollection<BsonDocument> document = db.GetCollection<BsonDocument>("School");
db.GetCollection<BsonDocument>("School");
var json = "{id:1,name:'xx学校',address:'xxx路xx号',remarks:'暂无！'}";
BsonDocument bsons = BsonDocument.Parse(json);

学生和学校是有对应关系的,我们可以添加有嵌套关系类型的对象

public class Student
{
 public int id { get; set; }
 public string name { get; set; }
 public int age { get; set; }
 public string remarks { get; set; }
 public School School { get; set; }
}

//与Mongodb建立连接
MongoClient client = new MongoClient("mongodb://127.0.0.1");
//获得数据库,没有则自动创建
IMongoDatabase db = client.GetDatabase("db1");
//拿到集合(表)
IMongoCollection<Student> student = db.GetCollection<Student>("Student");
Student student1 = new Student();
student1.id = 2;
student1.name = "北晚舟";
student1.age = 22;
student1.remarks = "暂无";
School school = new School();
school.name = "xxxSchool";
school.address = "xxxAddress";
student1.School = school;
student.InsertOne(student1);

数据查询：

//与Mongodb建立连接
MongoClient client = new MongoClient("mongodb://127.0.0.1");
//获得数据库,没有则自动创建
IMongoDatabase db = client.GetDatabase("db1");
//拿到集合(表)
IMongoCollection<Student> student = db.GetCollection<Student>("Student");
var data = Builders<Student>.Filter.Gt(m => m.age, 21);//Gt:大于
var result = student.Find(data).ToList();

我们安装的NuGet包是支持Lamda表达式的,可用条件表达式来查找数据

//与Mongodb建立连接
MongoClient client = new MongoClient("mongodb://127.0.0.1");
//获得数据库,没有则自动创建
IMongoDatabase db = client.GetDatabase("db1");
//拿到集合(表)
IMongoCollection<Student> student = db.GetCollection<Student>("Student");
var data = Builders<Student>.Filter.Where(m => m.age > 21 && m.name.Contains("江"));
var result = student.Find(data).ToList();

分页查询：

//与Mongodb建立连接
MongoClient client = new MongoClient("mongodb://127.0.0.1");
//获得数据库,没有则自动创建
IMongoDatabase db = client.GetDatabase("db1");
//拿到集合(表)
IMongoCollection<Student> student = db.GetCollection<Student>("Student");
var filter = Builders<Student>.Filter.Where(m => m.age > 21);
FindOptions<Student, Student> findOpt = new FindOptions<Student, Student>();
findOpt.Limit = 2;
findOpt.Skip = 1;
findOpt.Sort = Builders<Student>.Sort.Ascending(m => m.age).Descending(m => m.name);
var result = (student.FindAsync(filter, findOpt).Result).ToList();

数据更新：

//与Mongodb建立连接
MongoClient client = new MongoClient("mongodb://127.0.0.1");
//获得数据库,没有则自动创建
IMongoDatabase db = client.GetDatabase("db1");
//拿到集合(表)
IMongoCollection<Student> student = db.GetCollection<Student>("Student");
var filter = Builders<Student>.Filter.Where(m => m.age > 21);
var update = Builders<Student>.Update.Set(m => m.name, "皮卡丘");
//update Student set name="皮卡丘" where age>21
student.UpdateMany(filter, update);

数据删除：

//与Mongodb建立连接
MongoClient client = new MongoClient("mongodb://127.0.0.1");
//获得数据库,没有则自动创建
IMongoDatabase db = client.GetDatabase("db1");
//拿到集合(表)
IMongoCollection<Student> student = db.GetCollection<Student>("Student");
var filter = Builders<Student>.Filter.Where(m => m.age > 21);
//delete from Student where age>21
//student.DeleteMany(filter);
student.DeleteOne(filter);//只删除一个