mongdb性能压力测试，随机查询，数据量1亿条记录
操作系统centos6.4x64位
从测试结果看，当mongodb将数据全部载入到内存后，查询速度根据文档的大小，性能瓶颈通常会是在网络流量和CPU的处理性能（该次测试中当数据全部在内存后，纯粹的查询速度可以稳定在10W/S左右，系统load可以维持在1以下，由于此时CPU已经被使用到极限了，当并发再大时load值会直线飙升，性能急剧下降）。
压力生成服务器与Mongodb服务器基本配置
cpu型号：Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2630 0 @ 2.30GHz
内存：64G
硬盘：10K转速 6块做RAID0，raid卡cache 1G（磁盘的IO性能决定MONGODB将非热点数据载入到内存的速度，当热点数据全部在内存后，IO性能可以忽略）
网卡速度：接入千兆交互机，速度1000MB
数据结构，user_id为索引键值为0-99999999，数据总大小约37G左右，全部载入内存后约32G
> db.thing.findOne();
{
"_id" : ObjectId("51fd6830c6db9d15676f89ef"),
"ip" : "192.168.168.254",
"g_roup" : "kiwi",
"mac" : "of:fd:67:8c:2f:8f",
"address" : "hongmei1801num",
"user_id" : 10000000,
"name" : "user10000000",
"title" : "system",
"database" : "mongodb",
"telphone" : NumberLong("15718441234"),
"mail" : "yj@chinapnr.com",
"os" : "win7",
"company" : "chinapnr"
}
压力生成脚本开启40个进程，并发随机查询
[root@mdb-166 app]# cat mselectmongodb.py
import time,pymongo,multiprocessing,random,string
class SqlToMongo:
def m_sql(self,x,y):
server="mongodb://python:oracle@192.168.4.167:27017/syslog"
conn=pymongo.Connection(server)
db=conn.syslog
col=db.thing
start=x*y
end=start+x
for i in xrange(start,end):
d=random.randint(start,end)
val=col.find({"user_id":d})
a=list(val)
def gen_load(x,taskid):
task=SqlToMongo()
print "task %s start!" % taskid
task.m_sql(x,taskid)
if __name__ == "__main__":
inser_number=2500000
pro_pool = multiprocessing.Pool(processes=101)
print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d:%H-%M-%S',time.localtime(time.time()))
start_time=time.time()
manager = multiprocessing.Manager()
for i in xrange(40):
taskid=i
pro_pool.apply_async(gen_load,args=(inser_number,taskid))
pro_pool.close()
pro_pool.join()
elapsed = time.time()-start_time
print elapsed
time.sleep(1)
print "Sub-process(es) done."
压力生成服务器负载，同时开启80个并发时抗不住了
top - 17:12:59 up 2 days, 7:34, 4 users, load average: 35.87, 29.41, 18.16
Tasks: 487 total, 64 running, 423 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu0 : 88.1%us, 10.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 1.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu1 : 87.7%us, 10.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 1.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu2 : 87.7%us, 11.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 1.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu3 : 88.0%us, 10.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 1.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu4 : 87.7%us, 11.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 1.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu5 : 88.7%us, 9.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 1.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu6 : 40.2%us, 3.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 56.1%si, 0.0%st
Cpu7 : 89.7%us, 8.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 1.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu8 : 88.1%us, 10.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 1.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu9 : 89.7%us, 9.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 1.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu10 : 88.7%us, 9.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 1.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu11 : 88.4%us, 10.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 1.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 65909128k total, 5409148k used, 60499980k free, 90680k buffers
Swap: 8388600k total, 0k used, 8388600k free, 4392420k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
13342 root 20 0 178m 9056 1480 R 15.9 0.0 5:15.79 python mselectmongodb.py
13430 root 20 0 178m 8976 1468 R 15.9 0.0 3:05.26 python mselectmongodb.py
13321 root 20 0 178m 9000 1464 R 15.6 0.0 5:17.26 python mselectmongodb.py
........
13311 root 20 0 178m 8980 1464 R 14.9 0.0 5:21.70 python mselectmongodb.py
系统负载，
[root@mdb-167 ~]# top
并发进程80的系统负载
[root@mdb-167 ~]# top
top - 17:08:33 up 4:49, 5 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 1.05
Tasks: 287 total, 2 running, 285 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu0 : 60.1%us, 31.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 8.5%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu1 : 57.8%us, 33.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 9.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu2 : 58.4%us, 31.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 10.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu3 : 54.8%us, 33.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 11.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu4 : 55.8%us, 31.8%sy, 0.0%ni, 12.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu5 : 53.4%us, 32.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 13.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu6 : 31.4%us, 12.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 55.9%si, 0.0%st
Cpu7 : 61.0%us, 31.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 7.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu8 : 59.7%us, 32.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 8.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu9 : 59.0%us, 32.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 8.6%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu10 : 59.4%us, 31.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 9.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu11 : 57.8%us, 32.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 10.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 65909128k total, 34281160k used, 31627968k free, 50416k buffers
Swap: 8388600k total, 0k used, 8388600k free, 33502796k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
2924 mdb 20 0 80.7g 31g 31g S 1092.6 50.7 458:42.39 /app/mongodb/bin/mongod -f /app/mongodb/etc/mdb.conf
1967 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:05.40 [kondemand/6]
1996 root 20 0 10964 720 432 S 0.3 0.0 0:05.12 irqbalance
3045 mdb 20 0 84500 38m 7076 S 0.3 0.1 0:01.99 mongostat -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -u root -p xxxxx
mongstat监控
insert query update delete getmore command flushes mapped vsize res faults locked db idx miss % qr|qw ar|aw netIn netOut conn time
*0 92408 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.7g 31.9g 0 syslog:0.0% 0 0|0 20|0 5m 28m 82 17:08:32
*0 92827 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.7g 31.9g 0 syslog:0.0% 0 0|0 19|0 5m 28m 82 17:08:33
.......
*0 93717 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.7g 31.9g 0 syslog:0.0% 0 0|0 25|0 5m 28m 82 17:08:38
*0 92193 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.7g 31.9g 0 syslog:0.1% 0 1|0 11|0 5m 28m 82 17:08:39
*0 92250 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.7g 31.9g 0 syslog:0.0% 0 0|0 25|0 5m 28m 82 17:08:40
*0 93790 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.7g 31.9g 0 syslog:0.0% 0 1|0 16|0 5m 28m 82 17:08:41
网络流量
[root@mdb-167 app]# ./check_netflow.py -l 1 -i p1p1 -t 1
IN 1 seconds network transmit and receive average(KB)
transmit=34101,receive=11370
transmit=34354,receive=11452
.....
transmit=33957,receive=11322
transmit=34045,receive=11353
transmit=34244,receive=11416
磁盘IO
[root@mdb-167 ~]# tail -f mselectmongodb
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util
sda 0.00 7.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 48.00 24.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util
sda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
.....
sda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util
sda 0.00 7.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 48.00 19.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
二、并发进程达到120的时候系统负载（由于CPU的处理能力，系统已经无法承受）
top - 16:57:57 up 3:47, 5 users, load average: 58.18, 30.82, 16.40
Tasks: 288 total, 1 running, 287 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu0 : 59.6%us, 40.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu1 : 59.3%us, 40.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu2 : 59.0%us, 40.8%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu3 : 58.7%us, 41.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu4 : 58.8%us, 40.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu5 : 58.8%us, 40.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu6 : 27.2%us, 13.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 59.6%si, 0.0%st
Cpu7 : 60.5%us, 39.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu8 : 60.2%us, 39.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu9 : 59.8%us, 39.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu10 : 59.5%us, 40.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Cpu11 : 59.4%us, 40.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 65909128k total, 34278248k used, 31630880k free, 45652k buffers
Swap: 8388600k total, 0k used, 8388600k free, 33501056k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
2924 mdb 20 0 80.7g 31g 31g S 1193.2 50.4 165:06.51 /app/mongodb/bin/mongod -f /app/mongodb/etc/mdb.conf
mongstat监控
insert query update delete getmore command flushes mapped vsize res faults locked db idx miss % qr|qw ar|aw netIn netOut conn time
*0 103334 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.7g 31.7g 0 syslog:0.1% 0 0|0 56|0 6m 31m 122 16:55:19
*0 103299 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.7g 31.7g 0 syslog:0.0% 0 0|0 55|0 6m 31m 122 16:55:20
......
*0 102858 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.7g 31.7g 0 syslog:0.0% 0 0|0 66|0 6m 31m 122 16:55:26
*0 103201 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.7g 31.7g 0 syslog:0.0% 0 0|0 60|0 6m 31m 122 16:55:27
*0 102381 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.7g 31.7g 0 syslog:0.1% 0 1|0 89|0 6m 31m 122 16:55:28
磁盘IO
[root@mdb-167 ~]# tail -f mselectmongodb
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util
sda 0.00 7.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 48.00 24.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util
.....
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util
sda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util
sda 0.00 7.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 48.00 19.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
网络流量
transmit=37567,receive=12525
......
transmit=37691,receive=12568
transmit=37592,receive=12534
transmit=37480,receive=12498
以下是mongodb从测试开始时的查询速度变化过程，当数据逐步载入内存后，查询速度也在逐步提高，大约会花费了20分钟将所有数据载入到了内存。
[mdb@mdb-167 ~]$ more mselectmongodb
connected to: 127.0.0.1:27017
insert query update delete getmore command flushes mapped vsize res faults locked db idx miss % qr|qw ar|aw netIn netOut conn time
*0 679 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 494m 671 syslog:1.0% 0 0|0 0|0 40k 213k 42 16:37:16
*0 562 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 500m 625 syslog:0.9% 0 36|0 2|0 33k 176k 42 16:37:17
..........
*0 626 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 550m 667 syslog:1.0% 0 36|0 1|0 36k 196k 42 16:37:24
*0 649 *0 *0 0 3|0 1 40.1g 80.6g 557m 671 syslog:0.9% 0 35|0 1|0 38k 202k 42 16:37:25
insert query update delete getmore command flushes mapped vsize res faults locked db idx miss % qr|qw ar|aw netIn netOut conn time
*0 706 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 565m 709 syslog:1.0% 0 39|0 1|0 41k 221k 42 16:37:26
..........
*0 992 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 954m 751 syslog:1.1% 0 0|0 1|0 58k 309k 42 16:38:12
*0 942 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 964m 759 syslog:0.9% 0 0|0 0|0 55k 294k 42 16:38:13
*0 1026 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 974m 813 syslog:0.8% 0 0|0 0|0 60k 319k 42 16:38:14
*0 1062 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 985m 826 syslog:0.8% 0 0|0 0|0 62k 331k 42 16:38:15
*0 1044 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 995m 800 syslog:0.9% 0 0|0 0|0 61k 325k 42 16:38:16
insert query update delete getmore command flushes mapped vsize res faults locked db idx miss % qr|qw ar|aw netIn netOut conn time
*0 1005 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 1005m 785 syslog:0.7% 0 30|0 1|0 59k 313k 42 16:38:17
*0 1008 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 1015m 737 syslog:0.9% 0 0|0 1|0 59k 314k 42 16:38:18
*0 1137 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 1g 853 syslog:0.7% 0 0|0 0|0 67k 354k 42 16:38:19
*0 993 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 1.01g 768 syslog:0.9% 0 0|0 0|0 58k 310k 42 16:38:20
*0 1114 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 1.02g 811 syslog:1.0% 0 0|0 0|0 65k 346k 42 16:38:21
*0 1001 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 1.03g 744 syslog:1.0% 0 10|0 1|0 59k 312k 42 16:38:22
..........
*0 1892 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 2.03g 900 syslog:0.7% 0 1|0 1|0 111k 587k 42 16:39:44
*0 1881 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 2.04g 894 syslog:0.7% 0 0|0 0|0 111k 583k 42 16:39:45
*0 1927 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 2.06g 902 syslog:0.8% 0 0|0 0|0 113k 598k 42 16:39:46
insert query update delete getmore command flushes mapped vsize res faults locked db idx miss % qr|qw ar|aw netIn netOut conn time
*0 1950 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 2.07g 912 syslog:0.6% 0 37|0 1|0 115k 605k 42 16:39:47
*0 2086 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 2.09g 901 syslog:0.8% 0 0|0 1|0 123k 647k 42 16:39:48
*0 1774 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 2.1g 846 syslog:0.8% 0 0|0 0|0 105k 551k 42 16:39:49
.......
*0 2589 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 2.56g 933 syslog:0.8% 0 0|0 1|0 152k 803k 42 16:40:18
*0 2289 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 2.58g 849 syslog:0.9% 0 0|0 0|0 135k 710k 42 16:40:19
*0 2523 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 2.59g 930 syslog:0.7% 0 0|0 0|0 148k 781k 42 16:40:20
*0 2636 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 2.61g 878 syslog:0.8% 0 0|0 1|0 155k 817k 42 16:40:21
*0 2509 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 2.63g 889 syslog:0.7% 0 0|0 1|0 148k 777k 42 16:40:22
*0 2637 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 2.65g 916 syslog:0.7% 0 0|0 0|0 155k 817k 42 16:40:23
*0 2575 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 2.67g 911 syslog:0.8% 0 0|0 0|0 151k 798k 42 16:40:24
*0 2516 *0 *0 0 3|0 1 40.1g 80.6g 2.68g 873 syslog:6.5% 0 16|0 0|0 148k 779k 42 16:40:25
*0 2498 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 2.7g 879 syslog:0.8% 0 0|0 0|0 147k 774k 42 16:40:26
insert query update delete getmore command flushes mapped vsize res faults locked db idx miss % qr|qw ar|aw netIn netOut conn time
*0 2536 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 2.72g 872 syslog:0.7% 0 0|0 0|0 149k 786k 42 16:40:27
*0 2826 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 2.74g 959 syslog:0.8% 0 0|0 1|0 166k 876k 42 16:40:28
*0 2676 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 2.75g 925 syslog:0.8% 0 0|0 0|0 158k 829k 42 16:40:29
.......
*0 8934 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 4.85g 1088 syslog:0.6% 0 0|0 1|0 527k 2m 42 16:41:50
*0 9583 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 4.89g 1161 syslog:0.6% 0 0|0 2|0 565k 2m 42 16:41:51
*0 8982 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 4.93g 1107 syslog:0.6% 0 23|0 3|0 530k 2m 42 16:41:52
*0 9950 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.6g 4.97g 1067 syslog:0.5% 0 0|0 0|0 587k 3m 42 16:41:53
*0 9580 *0 *0 0 1|0 1 40.1g 80.6g 5.01g 1084 syslog:0.7% 0 0|0 1|0 565k 2m 42 16:41:54
.......
*0 92475 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.7g 31.9g 1 syslog:0.0% 0 0|0 18|0 5m 28m 82 16:53:28
insert query update delete getmore command flushes mapped vsize res faults locked db idx miss % qr|qw ar|aw netIn netOut conn time
*0 92832 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.7g 31.9g 0 syslog:0.0% 0 0|0 19|0 5m 28m 82 16:53:29
*0 92077 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.7g 31.9g 0 syslog:0.0% 0 0|0 12|0 5m 28m 82 16:53:30
*0 93296 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.7g 31.9g 0 syslog:0.1% 0 0|0 18|0 5m 28m 82 16:53:31
*0 91269 *0 *0 0 3|0 0 40.1g 80.7g 31.9g 0 syslog:0.0% 0 1|0 10|0 5m 28m 82 16:53:32
*0 93878 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 40.1g 80.7g 31.9g 0 syslog:0.0%
稳了！魔兽国服回归的3条重磅消息！官宣时间再确认！
昨天有一位朋友在大神群里分享，自己亚服账号被封号之后居然弹出了国服的封号信息对话框。
这里面让他访问的是一个国服的战网网址，com.cn和后面的zh都非常明白地表明这就是国服战网。
而他在复制这个网址并且进行登录之后，确实是网易的网址，也就是我们熟悉的停服之后国服发布的暴雪游戏产品运营到期开放退款的说明。这是一件比较奇怪的事情，因为以前都没有出现这样的情况，现在突然提示跳转到国服战网的网址，是不是说明了简体中文客户端已经开始进行更新了呢？